年轻的蒙娜丽莎
蒙娜丽莎A so-called early version of the Mona Lisa has gone on public display for the first time in 400 years - as experts revealed they have established a link between it and one of England's finest country homes。
人们称之为《蒙娜丽莎》年轻版本的画作在四百年前首次公开展览之后就消失了，专家透露这幅画和英国一户有名的乡村住所有所关联。
A group of historians claim Leonardo da Vinci painted the work, dubbed the 'Early Mona Lisa', more than a decade before his masterpiece portrait and depicted the same Italian merchant's wife。
一个历史家团队认为列奥纳多·达·芬奇(Leonardo da Vinci)所画的取名为《年轻的蒙娜丽莎》(Early Mona Lisa)的创作时间先于著名肖像画《蒙娜丽莎》超过十年，但描绘的是同一位女士，她是一位意大利商人的妻子。
It was unearthed before the First World War but lay hidden in a Swiss bank vault for 40 years, while a consortium carried out secret tests before unveiling it in 2012 - though many experts still insist it was one of a litany of inferior copies。
这幅画在第一次世界大战之前出土，此后藏在瑞士银行的金库40年。在这幅画在2012年公之于众前一个财团对其进行多项秘密检测，用科学方式证明其真伪，但很多专家仍旧坚信它是众多仿冒品之一。
Today, as the painting's first public exhibition was unveiled in Singapore, the Swiss-based Mona Lisa Foundation claimed it has discovered new details about the painting's past which strengthen the view it is by Da Vinci。
现在这幅画在新加坡第一次正式亮相。总部位于瑞士的蒙娜丽莎基金会表示，有很多历史细节的发现可以证明这是出自于达·芬奇之手。
It was already known that it was bought from a Somerset aristocrat in 1913 by English art dealer Hugh Blaker, who kept it in his studio in Isleworth, south west London, before selling it to American Henry Pulitzer in the 1960s. Before that, however, the painting's journey was a murky one。
人们已知的就是1913年一位英国贩画商人休·布莱克(Hugh Blaker)从一位萨摩赛特郡(Somerset)的贵族手中买到了它，将其放在他位于伦敦西南部的艾尔沃思(Isleworth)的画室里，在20世纪60年代又将其卖给美国人亨利·普利策(Henry Pulitzer)，但在这段历史之前这幅画的流通便不为人知。
Now the Foundation claims it has identified strong evidence that the Somerset home where the painting was bought in 1913 could be Montacute House - one of England's finest Elizabethan mansions now run by the National Trust。
目前，蒙娜丽莎基金会表示有确凿的证据表明1913年布莱克在萨摩赛特购买画作的具体位置是现在的蒙塔库故居(Montacute House)，这是其中一间全英国最好的伊丽莎白一世时期的宅邸，现在由英国国民信托组织管理(the National Trust)。
The claim, seen by the Reuters news agency, would fit if true. The Phelips family which owned Montacute fell on hard times and secretly sold their possessions just before the First World War, leaving the manor in 1911.
路透社认为这个推断是有历史根据的：蒙塔库宅邸当时的主人菲利普斯一家(the Phelips)陷入困境，在第一次世界大战之前秘密地变卖了他们的财产，在1911年离开了这个庄园。
In 1915 the house was taken over by future Foreign Secretary Lord Curzon, and it was later put up for sale in 1929. By 1931 it was so dilapidated that it was being valued ‘for scrap’ at £5,882.
1915年，这一间房子转交给了洛德·柯曾(Lord Curzon)，即后来的外交大臣。1929年柯曾又将这间房子出售，两年后才以5882英镑的低廉价格将这户破旧不堪的房子“贱卖”掉。
Diaries kept by Blaker - who tried several times unsuccessfully to have the painting authenticated - were lost, but the researchers say the brief references which remain to the house indicate it was Montacute。
布莱克保管了一些试图证明这幅画是真迹的日记，这些日记已经遗失，但研究人员在蒙塔库官邸里保留下来的一些简短的相关信息显示当时买画的地方就是这里。
Now that the house has been restored, it was used as a filming location for the 1995 version of Sense and Sensibility starring Emma Thompson and Hugh Grant, and its Long Gallery houses more than 60 Tudor and Elizabethan portraits on loan from the National Portrait Gallery in London。
现在这间房子已经重新整修，成为由埃玛·汤普森(Emma Thompson)和休·格朗(Hugh Grant)领衔主演的1995年版《理智与情感》(Sense and Sensibility)的拍摄地点，屋子里长长的走廊挂着向英国国家肖像画廊(National Portrait Gallery)借的六十多幅都铎王朝时代和伊丽莎白一世时代的肖像画。
The Mona Lisa researchers also say they have traced the portrait's history before its possible arrival at Montacute。
研究《蒙娜丽莎》的学者也表示他们已经追踪到这幅画在可能到达蒙塔库之前的历史。
In a communication passed to Reuters, they said they had found references to a painting called La Joconde - the French name for the Mona Lisa - in an art exhibition in Yeovil, Somerset, in 1856.
他们告诉路透社记者，已经发现与此相关的一幅叫La Joconde的画，这是为蒙娜丽莎命名的法语名，这幅画在1856年萨蒙赛特的约维尔(Yeovil)一次艺术展览中展出。
The painting, which was sold to a silver dealer two years later, also featured in a document declaring that young Somerset noble James Marwood owned a work by Da Vinci called La Joconde, which he probably bought on a visit to Italy around the 1780s。
这幅两年后卖给一位银币商人的画同样在一部文件中有所记载，该文件提到萨蒙赛特的年轻贵族詹姆斯·马伍德(James Marwood)拥有一幅达·芬奇名为La Joconde的画，他可能是在18世纪80年代左右前往意大利购买的。
Geneva-based auctioneer David Feldman, the Foundation's vice president, said: 'We feel these latest discoveries and new scientific analysis just carried out leave little doubt that it is Da Vinci's work.
瑞士日内瓦拍卖商大卫·费尔德曼(David Feldman)是蒙娜丽莎基金会的副主席。他说：“我们认为这些最新的发现和最新的科学分析几乎可以断定这就是达·芬奇的作品。
'The vast majority of experts now either agree with us or accept that there is a strong case for our thesis'。
“目前绝大多数的科学家如果不是认同我们的观点，就是认同这是支撑我们研究论题的有力依据。”
The painting is claimed to show a younger Lisa del Giacondo, the Florentine merchant's wife who is the subject of the slightly smaller Mona Lisa painting which now hangs in the Louvre in Paris。
这幅画据推测画的应该是佛罗伦萨一位商人的妻子，名叫丽莎·戴尔·乔孔达(Lisa del Giacondo)，与现在悬挂于巴黎卢浮宫的蒙娜丽莎画像是同一个人，但是比其更苗条更小巧。
The Mona Lisa Foundation says it was probably left unfinished by Da Vinci in 1505, before being completed and handed to Lisa's husband the following year。
蒙娜丽莎基金会认为这可能是达芬奇在1505年的时候没完成的作品，第二年就交给了丽莎的丈夫。
That would make it more than a decade older than the better-known Mona Lisa, which was unveiled in 1517 before passing into the hands of the French royal family and, later, international legend。
这比更广受人知的《蒙娜丽莎》画像的创作早了至少十年。在交到法国皇家手里以及成为世界名作之前，《蒙娜丽莎》在1517年便公之于众。
The alleged earlier painting has been subject to X-rays and ultraviolet light scans to establish its age, and has been compared to Da Vinci's techniques - including his use of geometry in his famous Vitruvian Man sketch of 1490.
这副存在争议的画像经过了x光扫描以及紫外线扫描后确定了其创作时间，再加以对比达·芬奇的技艺，包括他在1490年速写的著名画作《维特鲁威人》(Vitruvian Man)的几何学应用。
They say it lacked a specific glazing technique which Da Vinci developed in 1508, and which was used in most of his paintings after that date。
他们认为这幅画缺少了达·芬奇在1508年改良的特殊上釉技艺，而这项技艺在此之后的绝大多数画作中都能看到。
It has earned the seal of approval, at least partially, from modern experts including Renaissance historian Giorgio Vasari, art historian John Eyre, research physicist Professor John Asmus and Professor Alessandro Vezzosi, one of the most influential living experts on Da Vinci。
但它已经得到了至少一部分人的认可。现代专家包括文艺复兴时期的历史学家乔治·瓦沙里(Giorgio Vasari)，艺术历史学家约翰·艾尔(John Eyre)，研究型物理学家约翰·阿斯米(John Asmus)教授和亚历山德罗·韦佐西(Alessandro Vezzosi)教授，韦佐西教授是目前还在世的研究达·芬奇最有影响力的专家。
Not everyone is convinced the painting is a real work by the Italian master. There were several contemporary copies of the Mona Lisa, and historians have often suggested the so-called early version is just another one。
但不是所有人都相信这幅画是这位意大利大师的真迹，因为与其同时代的蒙娜丽莎的仿造品就有几副，所以有些历史学家多次提出这所谓的早期版本可能仅仅是出自另外一位画家之手。
And although the Swiss-based Mona Lisa Foundation is described as being not for profit, its entire aim is to study the painting - which is now owned by an anonymous 'consortium', so it is difficult to establish who would benefit financially if it was declared a genuine Da Vinci。
即使瑞士的蒙娜丽莎基金会声称自己是非营利性组织，只致力于研究这幅画作，但这幅画现在已经归入一个匿名的财团所有。如果这幅画被断定是达芬奇的真迹，很难说是否有人会因此而大赚一笔。
One of the leading doubters of the painting's authenticity in 2012 was Oxford University art history professor Martin Kemp, who was instrumental in identifying a major work by Leonardo Da Vinci in 2010.
在2012年的其中一位对这幅画的主要质疑者是来自牛津大学的艺术历史教授马丁·肯普(Martin Kemp)，他在2010年协助了达·芬奇画作的分析工作。
Although he had not personally seen the painting - also known as the Isleworth Mona Lisa after Blaker's studio - he said two years ago: 'The Isleworth Mona Lisa mistranslates subtle details of the original, including the sitter's veil, her hair, the translucent layer of her dress, the structure of the hands。
即使他没有亲眼见到这幅年轻版本的作品，但对布莱克画室的艾尔沃思版《蒙娜丽莎》有所听闻。他在2012年说过：“艾尔沃思版的《蒙娜丽莎》误解了原作中一些微妙的细节，包括女士的面纱，头发，一层半透明的衣服，以及手的摆姿。
'The landscape is devoid of atmospheric subtlety. The head, like all other copies, does not capture the profound elusiveness of the original.'
“画作的环境部分缺乏精致，而头部像其他仿冒品一样没有原画浑然天成的特性。”
He also said the Isleworth version was painted on canvas, and Da Vinci's preferred choice was wood。
他还认为艾尔沃思版本的《蒙娜丽莎》是在帆布上创作的，而达·芬奇偏好在木板上作画。
