原标题：发散性思维备考雅思口语
在雅思口语备考过程中，考生对口语的恐惧要远胜于其他三科，主要体现在无从下手。大部分问题用中式思维的因果介绍都显得特别单薄，没有一定的具体度。但是重视思维的一般解答方法通常都是：遇到问题，解释原因，然后就不知道如何再继续进行口语会话了。因此，很多考生在备考的过程中，除了会去收集很多如broadenmy horizon, cultivate my temperament或是strengthenfamily bond这样的短语情感表达之外，就不知道能够如何有效的备考口语了。
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本文将介绍的是运用发散性思维进行雅思备考。发散思维(DivergentThinking)，指大脑在思维时呈现的一种扩散状态的思维模式，它表现为思维视野广阔，思维呈现出多维发散状。在口语中，朗阁海外考试研究中心的老师将把发散性思维分为经历型发散，类别型发散，互补型发散和特性发散。
一、经历型发散
经历型发散是将关键词或者短语，转换成个人经历进行思维扩散。主要从事情的时间（when），地点（where），内容（what），人物（who），做事情的频率（howoften），时长（howlong）以及个人感受（why）等方面进行思维发散。对于雅思口语中的基本问题，大家可以使用上述方法进行备考。
如近期Part1的高频话题snack, 我们就可以用以下方法。首先根据关键词进行发散：
When:watching TV;during the break of class; watching movie
Where:at home; in the cinema; in the classroom
What:chocolate bar; candy; sunflower seeds; peanuts; crisps; beef jerky; nuts;cookies
Who:share with family members; friends; roommates; and classmates
Howoften: almost every day
Why:kill time; keep focused at class; yummy…
下面我们来看问题：
What kinds ofsnacks do you like to eat?
Normally,I will give my preference to sweet food such as chocolate bars, candies and cookies. I eat them almost everyday when I watch TV or movie, or sometimes during the break of the class. For me, sweet snacks are all quite yummy.
以经历进行发散来回答基本问题的话，我们可以避免用词的重复度，同样也可以较好地避免因果关系进行描述，使回答内容和句型都更加多样性。
二、类别型发散
类别型发散是指对关键词或者话题进行分类，构思关键词下面的各个平行类别，并且按照类型进行逐个分析。
常见的分类话题有：
famous people: super star; sports star; scientist; Noble Prize Laureate; online celebrity…
popular jobs: civil servant; doctor; state-owned employee; sales rep…
public transport: metro; bus; taxi; train; coach; plane…
music:classical music; pop music; jazz; light music…
festivals:Christmas; Valentine’s day; Thanksgiving day; the Dragon Boat festival; Spring festival
food:fast food; homemade food; food in the restaurant; junk food
…
以工作类Part3话题为例，我们可以进行如下回答：
What are the well-paid jobs in your country?
In terms of jobs with decent salaries, the first one come to my mind is civil servant. Their works are relatively stable and of real satisfying welfare.Also, doctors can obtain high payment. The main reason is that it is a quite demanding job. Beside, sales reps can probably procure high income once theyown good performance.
长期训练关键词分类，有助于考试过程中从多方面，多角度思考问题，使得回答显得更加全面，有说服力。此外，这样可以有效增加考试时的灵活应变能力。
三、互补型发散
互补型发散即在提及话题时，能够快速的想到话题反面，并且进行对比来对话题进行论证。
常见互补关键词或者方面如：
countryside-citycenter
weekend-workdays
home-made-diningout
beingalone-be with friends
smallcompany-big company
paperbooks-electronic books
lightcolor-dark color
formaloccasion-casual occasion
individualsport-group sport
male’spreference-female’s preference
outdooractivity-indoor activity
publictransport-private transport
abroad-withinthe country
longdistance-short distance
modern-traditional
western-eastern
…
例题：
Whydo Chinese people like to travel abroad?
Actually,compared with traveling within in the country, overseas traveling is moreattractive. They are able to experience a wholly different culture and encounter local residents who will use the different language. Also, by traveling to foreign countries, people can fulfill their satisfaction by purchasing the luxury good of relatively lower price than that in China. Theseare the reasons why Chinese people show their preference to outbound trips.
通过发散思考话题对立面，我们能够有更多的内容进行表达。同时，通过对立面的对比和解析，观点的描述会更有说服力。建议在备考的过程中能够多通过正反面进行互相论证，增强辩证性思维能力。
四、特性发散
特性发散主要针对话题或者关键词特性进行思维发散，如clothes,electronic device, hometown, film等。与其他发散方式不同的是，我们可以对于话题进行多方面的自由发散，并且对发散的点可以再次拓展。这样有助于对话题的问题进行一定的预测，并且能够对话题进行多特性回答。
Clothes:brand; color; material; price; style; pattern; place for shopping…
Electronic device: brand; function; appearance; price…
Hometown:food; scenery; traffic; weather & climate; people…
Film:Chinese film; screen; actress; sound track; background…
例题：
What clothes do you usually like to wear?
I feel like wearing clothes of common brand and light color. For example, casual clotheslike T-shirt or jeans, they are affordable by most of students and also free-styled. I prefer light color coz it can always help me to stand out.
对于一个话题，我们可以从话题的各方面进行构思，这样能够对于话题更全面的回答。
五、总结
建议每位考生在备考的过程中能够运用上述方法进行话题构思，提前把每一个可能的考点准备到，并且在发散点的扩充中提高词汇储备量和辩证思维能力。
本文转自《海口朗阁英语培训中心》的新浪博客，点击阅读原文。
小编注：本文为转载新浪博客文章，观点只代表作者本人，不能代表新浪立场，新浪尊重原创。
责任编辑：润琰
