短文改错分值多、难度大,是考生既关心又担心的题型。了解其特点与方法有助于同学们在高考中取得好成绩。
一、短文改错的考查内容
1.考查体现学科特点的语言知识
体现学科特点的语言知识是指英语在交际过程中特有的现象。如动词的各种变化形式、名词的单复数变化形式、代词的各种形式、形容词的各种变化形式等。
1)动词的各种变化形式
谓语动词的时态、语态变化及非谓语动词的不定式和分词形式是历年NMET短文改错题的考查重点。
①Play football not only makes me grow up…
②I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays.
③Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.
④I learn about you from my English teacher, Miss Fang.
⑤It was kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their ho me.
Keys: playing/having/to be/learned/drive
2)考查名词的单复数变化
①We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.
②They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.
③I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.
Keys: subjects/questions/time
3)考查代词的各种形式
①The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
②And I cant forget the good food you asked for I.
③When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head.
④The game speaks for themselves.
Keys: histheir/Ime/his head/themselvesitself
4)考查形容词的各种用法
①but now I am interesting in football.
②In some places you may borrow many books as you want…
③Police cars hurried to the taller building in New York.
Keys: intrested/as many/tallest
5)考查词性的变化
①Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.
②A players native language is not importance.
Keys: wonderful/important
2.考查英语惯用法及英汉表达差异
1)介词与动词、形容词等构成搭配,是NMET短文改错的重要内容之一。
①It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station.
②In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year.
③When they came down the police were angry to them.
④When I have free time I go a long walk.
Keys: forof/去掉in/towith/for a
2)考查冠词的基本用法。由于汉语中没有与英语冠词相对应的词语,学生往往忽略冠词。
①Maybe you could come during a winter holidays.
②There is public library in every town in Britain.
③Modern people care more about the health.
Keys: a改成the/a public library/去掉the
3)考查英语的一致性现象。
主谓不一致、代词不一致、时态不一致:
①But then there is always more mysteries to look into.
②Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.
③Now someone at home reads instead.
④The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
⑤I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time.
Keys: are/costs/everyone/their/was
4)考查英语中的并列现象。
在表达并列现象时,一般要用相同的语法结构。并列结构常用and或or连接。
①I told Mother, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had.
②If the book you want is out, you may ask for it to be called for you, and whet her you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you.
③Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in cleaner surroundings.
Keys: and all/whetherif/去掉to
3.考查学生对常犯错误的修正能力
从近几年的短文改错试题来看,所选短文无论是在形式上还是内容上,都比较简单,似乎出自中学生之手,所设置的错误类型也都是中学生在写作时常犯的。
1)考查句意的逻辑关系
①First, let me tell you something more about myself.
②Therefore, there are still some countries where people have shorter lives.
Keys:去掉more/ThereforeHowever
2)考查句与句的并列或从属关系
①I told Mother, Father, Sister, and all my friends here that a great time I had .
②I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting.
Keys: thatwhat/aboutthat
3)考查近似词语的差异
①I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.
②Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.
Keys: wherewhich/sincewhen
二、短文改错的方法
掌握了题型特点,还要注意短文改错的方法。
1.关注行尾和行首的联系。
很多错误处于此行结尾和下一行首,它们之间往往存在一定的语法或逻辑联系,而考生往往忽略此处。
2.以句子为单位而不是以行为单位进行判断。注意分行的技巧。
3.注意上下文的逻辑关系。
4.注意标记的准确性。
