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英语中的省略现象

《高考》

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在英语中,为了避免重复,句子中的某些部分经常省略,给考生的理解增加了困难。在近几年的NMET中,省略现象十分常见,为帮助考生更好地迎战高考,现对省略现象总结如下:

一、并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。

1. This beeper works well,but that one doesnt (work well).

这个寻呼机工作正常,但那个就不行。

2. All uranium atoms do not have the same atomic weight. Some of them weigh 234 units,some (of them) (weigh) 235 units,and some (of them) (weigh) 238 units.所有的铀原子并非都有相同的原子量。其中有的重234,有的重235,而有的重238。

二、在when,while,if,as if,though(或although),as,until,once,wheth er,unless,where等连词连接的状语从句中,常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。

1. When (water is) pure,water is a colorless liquid.

水纯净时,是无色的液体。

2. When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help.

我困难时总是找她帮助。

3. Errors,if any,should be corrected.

如果有什么错误,就应当改正。(if后省略了there are)

4. Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning.

木头燃烧时,它放出很多烟。

5. The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for.

这封信留在这里待领。

6. Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something.

亨利向四周环视,似乎在寻找什么。

7. She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak.

她尽管体弱,但学习仍十分努力。

三、当见到“when (或if,where,wherever,whenever,as soon as,as fast a s,than等)+possible/necessary等”时,可理解中间省略了it is(或was)。

1. Answer these questions,if (it is) possible without referring to the book.

如果有可能,请不看书回答这些问题。

2. When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something.

必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。

四、有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that。

1. It seems (或appears) (that) Joe is out,not Jack.

外出不在的似乎是乔,不是杰克。

2. It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party.

我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。

3. Its a pity (that) you cant operate a computer.

很遗憾,你不会操作计算机。

4. It is the third time (that) I have come to China.

这是我第三次来中国。

五、在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom,which,that。

1. That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.

那就是我们上周议论的淘气男孩。

六、在direction(方向),way(方式),distance(距离),time(时间),times(倍数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that,which,in which。

1. The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed.

我们移动物体的方向是可以改变的。

2. The distance (which或that) light travels in one second is 300,000 kilometers.

光每秒走的距离是30万公里。

七、以there be开头的句子,其主语的定语从句常可省略关联词,而there be结构作定语从句时,省略作主语的关系代词。

1. There is a chance Dr. Li will be able to be back for May Day.

李博士也许有机会能回来过五一节。

2. We have to make a list of all the books there are on the subject.

我们必须把所有关于这个题目的书列出一个单子。

八、命令句、惊叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省略最为常见。

1. Open the door!开门!

2. Why not?为什么不?

3. Why so?为什么这样?

4. Anybody wishing to go?谁愿意去啊?

九、用so,not或其它手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句义,是NMET的常考项目。

1.—Can Emily do this work?

埃米莉能做这件工作吗?

—I think so.

我想她行。

—I think not (或I dont think so).

我想她不行。

2.—Did you know anything about it?

这件事你以前知道吗?

—Not until you told me.

你告诉了我,才知道。

3. He has gone. No one knows where (he has gone).

他走了,谁也不知道他去什么地方了。

4. Jenny knows what (is to be done)!

詹妮有办法!

十、当用强调句型强调疑问词时,常省略强调句型中的that。

1. When was it (that) you received his email?

你收到他的电子邮件是什么时候?

2. We dont know who it was (that) called the doctor?我们不知道是谁请了医生?〖BJ(0,4,0,2*2〗〖CRTT38,Z,BP#〗〖CRDD38,ZX,BP#〗〖BJ)〗

十一、某些形容词要求后面接一固定的介词短语,若接一从句,则只用that或疑问词直接引出从句,从而省略原有的介词。

1. We are certain(省去of)that air is a mixture.

我们可以肯定,空气是混合物。

2. She is doubtful (省去about) whether she can complete it in time.

她怀疑她能否按时完成。

十二、用to表示前述动词(包括谓语或非谓语动词)及其短语。

1. You may go online if you like (to) (go online).

你如果想上网就可以上网。

2. Nothing can stop the boy from playing video games when he wants to (play).

当这男孩想玩电子游戏时,没有东西可阻碍他玩。

十三、在某些动词后含有宾语补语或主语补语的复合结构中省略to be或being的情况。

1. They found the answer (to be) correct.

他们发现答案正确。

2. This conclusion proved (to be) correct.

这个结论原来是正确的。〖HJ*4/9〗

十四、新闻标题要求简练醒目,需根据上下文的语境推敲其省略部分。

1. Boy 14,rescued from cliff face.

从峭壁上救下14岁的男孩(A boy of 14 has been rescued from cliff face.)。

2. American President to fly to London.

美国总统将飞往伦敦(American President is to fly to London.)。

十五、注意在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略。

have trouble (in) sleeping难于入睡。

spend ones evenings (in) reading novels

把晚上的时间花费在看小说上。

be busy (in) doing sth.

(他)忙于做某事。

They are (of) the same age.

他们年龄相同。

There is no use (in) explaining it to her any more.

这件事再向她解释是无用的。

He is carrying out this experiment (in) the same way as I did yesterday.他使用我昨天采用的方法在做他的实验。(刘天勇)

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